Understanding the Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs

Abstract

Cardiovascular drugs play a vital role in managing a wide array of heart and blood vessel disorders, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Understanding their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics is essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. This article reviews major classes of cardiovascular drugs, their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and safety profiles. It also highlights emerging trends in cardiovascular pharmacology and precision medicine.