Abstract
The field of personalized medicine is transforming healthcare by tailoring treatment strategies to individual genetic profiles. Drug metabolism and pharmacogenetics are at the heart of this transformation, helping clinicians predict drug responses, reduce adverse effects, and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This article explores the role of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and receptors. It discusses major pharmacogenetic biomarkers, the clinical implementation of genetic testing, and emerging trends in integrating genomics into routine medical practice.
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