Abstract
Effective pain management is a cornerstone of modern clinical care. Over the past decade, significant advancements in pharmacological strategies have emerged, improving outcomes for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain. This article reviews traditional and emerging pharmacotherapies, including opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), adjuvant agents, and novel drug targets. It also discusses the challenges of opioid use, multidimensional approaches to pain, and future directions in developing safer, more effective analgesics tailored to individual patient needs.
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