Abstract
HIV remains a significant global health challenge, and while antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed it into a manageable chronic disease, drug resistance continues to hinder long-term treatment success. This article explores the molecular mechanisms behind HIV drug resistance, including mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase enzymes. It also discusses the clinical implications of resistance development, such as virologic failure and limited treatment options. Finally, the article highlights strategies to mitigate resistance, including adherence improvement, drug monitoring, and the development of new drug classes.
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