Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. Their pharmacological effects on gut health have gained considerable attention due to growing interest in microbiome-targeted therapies. Probiotics modulate gut microbiota composition, enhance intestinal barrier function, regulate immune responses, and contribute to the prevention and management of gastrointestinal disorders. This article reviews the mechanisms, clinical applications, and safety considerations of probiotics, highlighting their therapeutic potential and emerging role in pharmacology.
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