Abstract
Biomarkers have become integral to pharmacological research and drug development, serving as critical tools for understanding disease mechanisms, predicting therapeutic responses, and guiding clinical decision-making. From discovery through post-marketing surveillance, biomarkers facilitate more precise, effective, and safer drug development pathways. This article explores the classification, applications, validation processes, and challenges of using biomarkers in drug development, emphasizing their growing role in precision medicine.
All articles published in the American Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows others to:
-
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
-
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — Appropriate credit must be given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license must be provided, and any changes made must be indicated.
By submitting their work, authors agree to these licensing terms and retain copyright of their articles.