Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, remains a global health concern with increasing prevalence. Pharmacological management is central to glycemic control and the prevention of long-term complications. This article reviews the classes of antidiabetic drugs, including insulin, oral hypoglycemics, and emerging therapeutic agents such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. It also discusses personalized treatment strategies based on patient profiles, the integration of combination therapies, and future directions in diabetes pharmacotherapy.
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