Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, presents significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The management of diabetes relies heavily on pharmacological interventions aimed at optimizing glycemic control, reducing complications, and improving patient quality of life. This article provides an overview of current pharmacological strategies used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, including insulin therapy, oral hypoglycemics, and novel drug classes such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Recent advancements in personalized medicine and combination therapies highlight the dynamic and evolving nature of diabetes pharmacotherapy.
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