Abstract
Pharmacogenomics, the study of how an individual’s genetic makeup influences their response to drugs, has become integral to the field of personalized medicine. As precision medicine gains prominence, pharmacogenomics allows healthcare providers to tailor drug treatments based on genetic variations, improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. This article examines the pivotal role pharmacogenomics plays in shaping personalized medicine, from its foundational principles to its current clinical applications in oncology, cardiology, and psychiatry. The article also discusses the challenges of incorporating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice, such as genetic data interpretation, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory hurdles. Furthermore, it highlights future directions and the potential of pharmacogenomics in advancing individualized healthcare, offering a comprehensive view of its transformative potential.
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