Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the most commonly used route for drug administration, but it often faces challenges related to drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising carriers for oral drug delivery due to their ability to improve the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs and enhance their absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery systems, focusing on their design, types, and mechanisms of action. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in translating these systems into clinical practice are discussed, with a particular emphasis on overcoming biological barriers, such as the intestinal epithelium, and achieving controlled release and targeted delivery. The article also highlights future directions for research in this field, including the potential for personalized medicine and the use of multifunctional nanoparticles for simultaneous drug delivery and diagnostic purposes.
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