Quantum Transport in Low-Dimensional Materials: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Low-dimensional materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and nanowires, exhibit extraordinary electronic and quantum transport properties that defy conventional bulk behavior. These materials offer avenues for realizing ballistic transport, quantum interference, and energy-efficient nanoelectronic devices. However, the transition from fundamental physics to scalable technologies remains fraught with challenges including disorder, edge effects, contact resistance, and environmental interactions. This article presents an overview of the latest advances in quantum transport in low-dimensional systems, elucidates the key physical phenomena, discusses persistent challenges, and outlines the emerging opportunities driven by innovations in material synthesis, theoretical modeling, and device engineering.