Exploring the Applications of Graphene in Modern Electronics

Abstract

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, has attracted global scientific and industrial attention due to its extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Its high carrier mobility, quantum Hall effect, and tunable bandgap under modification make it a transformative material for modern electronic applications. This article explores graphene's integration into various components of electronics, including field-effect transistors, sensors, energy storage devices, and flexible electronics. We discuss recent advancements, implementation challenges, and future research directions, emphasizing graphene's potential to revolutionize next-generation electronics.