Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy: Current Advances

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a transformative platform in cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface-area-to-volume ratio, tunability, and biocompatibility. Current advances in nanoparticle-based systems have enabled precise imaging and targeted drug delivery, significantly improving early detection and therapeutic outcomes in oncology. This article presents recent progress in the design, functionalization, and application of nanoparticles in cancer imaging and therapy. Key technologies discussed include quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and lipid-based nanocarriers, with an emphasis on multimodal imaging and theranostic strategies. Despite promising results, clinical translation is challenged by issues of toxicity, biodistribution, and regulatory hurdles. Future research should focus on biocompatibility, real-time monitoring, and personalized medicine integration.