Advances in the Development of Nano-sensors for Gas Detection

Abstract

The evolution of nano-sensors has significantly improved the sensitivity, selectivity, and response time in gas detection systems, catering to needs across environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nano-sensor design, including material innovations such as metal-oxide nanostructures, carbon-based nanomaterials, and hybrid composites. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms of gas sensing at the nanoscale, miniaturization, and integration with wireless and AI-enabled platforms. The study concludes by highlighting current challenges such as stability, cross-sensitivity, and power efficiency, while exploring future directions in multifunctional, self-powered gas sensors for real-time applications.