Cascading Failure Modeling and Rapid Recovery of Coupled WaterPower Networks under Earthquakes

Abstract

The interdependence between critical infrastructure systems, particularly power grids and water distribution networks, has created a complex landscape of vulnerability where failures can propagate across domain boundaries. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling framework for analyzing cascading failures in coupled water-power networks subjected to seismic hazards and proposes a rapid recovery strategy to mitigate systemic losses. We first establish a mathematicallyrigorous interdependent network model that accounts for the physical and functional coupling between electric power substations and water pumping facilities. Unlike traditional topological approaches, this study integrates hydraulic and power flow constraints to realistically simulate the propagation of failure following an earthquake. Subsequently, we introduce a resilience-oriented recovery optimization algorithm designed to prioritize the restoration of critical nodes that facilitate the reactivation of the largest connected components. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed recovery strategy significantly outperforms random and static repair protocols, reducing the duration of service outages and minimizing unserved demand. The findings underscore the critical importance of synchronized restoration planning in managing modern infrastructure resilience.