Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional plug-in charging methods for Electric Vehicles (EVs). It offers significant advantages such as convenience, safety, and enhanced user experience. This review comprehensively discusses the state-of-the-art WPT techniques, system architectures, coupling mechanisms, and standards relevant to EV charging. Various WPT methods including inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and microwave power transfer are analyzed in terms of efficiency, range, power levels, and system complexity. The paper also addresses challenges such as alignment issues, electromagnetic interference, thermal management, and safety standards. Future trends including dynamic charging, integration with smart grids, and advances in materials and system design are examined. This review aims to provide researchers and industry practitioners with a detailed overview of WPT for EVs, highlighting current developments and directions for future research.