A Review of Cryptographic Protocols for Securing Web Applications

Abstract

Web applications are increasingly becoming the backbone of modern digital interactions, handling sensitive data and critical transactions. Securing these applications against cyber threats is paramount. Cryptographic protocols provide essential mechanisms for ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation in web environments. This review article presents an overview of key cryptographic protocols commonly deployed in web applications, including SSL/TLS, HTTPS, OAuth, and JSON Web Tokens (JWT). We analyze their strengths, weaknesses, and typical use cases, highlighting recent advances and ongoing challenges. The article aims to provide a consolidated understanding for researchers and practitioners seeking to enhance web application security through robust cryptographic measures